Izindaba Zemboni

Ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuqwashisa ngemvelo emhlabeni jikelele kanye nentuthuko esheshayo yobuchwepheshe, amaphrojekthi amasha amandla kancane kancane aba imikhiqizo eyinhloko emakethe ye-transformer yesikhathi esizayo. La maphrojekthi awagcini nje ngokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa okuluhlaza kohlelo lwamandla, kodwa futhi ahlinzeka ngokusekelwa okuqinile ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi yamandla ephephile futhi esebenza kahle. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bamandla avuselelekayo njengezinhlelo zokugcina umoya, ilanga kanye namandla, ama-transformer amasha amandla anganciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni futhi anciphise ukuthembela kumafutha endabuko, ngaleyo ndlela abe negalelo ekufinyeleleni ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni emhlabeni jikelele.

Isilinganiso sokuguqulwa kwe-transformer sibhekisela kusilinganiso se-voltage phakathi kokugoqa kwe-high-voltage (HV) kanye nokugoqa kwe-low-voltage (LV). Ngokukhethekile, simelela isilinganiso se-voltage elinganisiwe ohlangothini oluyinhloko (ngokuvamile olubizwa ngokuthi uhlangothi lwe-high-voltage noma lokufaka) ku-voltage elinganisiwe ohlangothini lwesibili (ngokuvamile olubizwa ngokuthi uhlangothi lwe-low-voltage noma lokukhipha).

Ama-transformer e-voltage ephezulu (HV) aklanywe ngama-voltage angu-≥35 kV (eNyakatho Melika) noma angu-≥36 kV (eYurophu), asetshenziswa kakhulu kumanethiwekhi okudlulisa amandla ukukhulisa umkhiqizo wejeneretha wokulethwa kwebanga elide kanye nama-voltage okwehlisa eziteshini ezincane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-transformer e-voltage ephansi (LV) (≤1 kV) aphatha ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo, ukwehlisa i-voltage yegridi kuya emazingeni angasetshenziswa emithwalweni yokuhlala, yezentengiselwano, neyezimboni. Ama-transformer kagesi alawula izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-HV (isb., 110–765 kV), kuyilapho ama-transformer okusabalalisa egxila ezinhlelweni ze-LV (≤33 kV).

Imakethe ye-power transformer yase-US ibhekene nokukhula okukhulu kanye nokuguqulwa, okuqhutshwa yingqalasizinda esigugayo, ukwanda kwesidingo sikagesi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Ngezansi ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwesimo samanje kanye nemikhuba yesikhathi esizayo.

I-transformer ecwilisiwe uhlobo lwe-transformer kagesi esebenzisa uwoyela njengendlela yokuvikela nokupholisa. Le transformer isebenza ngokuguqula i-alternating current (AC) kusuka ezingeni elilodwa le-voltage iye kwelinye, kungaba ukwandisa (ukwenyuka) noma ukunciphisa (ukwehla) i-voltage. I-transformer iqukethe i-magnetic core, ama-windings, kanye nama-bushings, konke kucwiliswe ku-transformer oil, okudlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kwedivayisi.

Ingaphakathi liyinhliziyo yesekethe kazibuthe ye-transformer. Ikhwalithi yayo ithinta ngqo ukulahleka komthwalo kanye nezinga lomsindo le-transformer.

I-rectifier transformer yokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen "iyisistimu ekhethekile yokuhlinzeka ngenhliziyo namandla" yemishini yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen nge-electrolysis yamanzi (i-electrolyzer). Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuguqula i-alternating current (AC) yegridi ibe yi-direct current (DC) enamandla aphezulu kanye ne-voltage ephansi edingwa yi-electrolyzer.

Lokhu ukuhlukaniswa kokuphepha okususelwa ezindinganisweni zokuklama isitshalo samandla enuzi (isb., i-IEEE Std 323 e-US noma i-GB/T 12727 eShayina). Kubhekisela kumishini kagesi nezinhlelo ezibalulekile ekwenzeni imisebenzi ebalulekile yokuphepha, njengokuvalwa okuphuthumayo kwe-reactor, ukuhlukaniswa kokugcinwa, ukupholisa i-reactor core, kanye nokuvimbela ukukhishwa kwezinto ezinemisebe.

Ngohlobo oludalaI-transformer engu-1000kVANjengoba okwamanje ithwala umthwalo ongaba ngu-200kW, ingabe le transformer ingahlangabezana nesidingo esikhulu uma sihlela ukwengeza umthwalo omusha ongaba ngu-600kW? Lo mbuzo ugxile kakhulu emqondweni oyisisekelo: ubudlelwano kanye nomehluko phakathi kwe-kVA ne-kW.

Ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuqwashisa ngemvelo emhlabeni jikelele kanye nentuthuko esheshayo yobuchwepheshe, amaphrojekthi amasha amandla kancane kancane aba imikhiqizo eyinhloko emakethe ye-transformer yesikhathi esizayo. La maphrojekthi awagcini nje ngokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa okuluhlaza kohlelo lwamandla, kodwa futhi ahlinzeka ngokusekelwa okuqinile ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi yamandla ephephile futhi esebenza kahle. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bamandla avuselelekayo njengezinhlelo zokugcina umoya, ilanga kanye namandla, ama-transformer amasha amandla anganciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni futhi anciphise ukuthembela kumafutha endabuko, ngaleyo ndlela abe negalelo ekufinyeleleni ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni emhlabeni jikelele.