Ukunquma Umthamo Womthwalo Ophezulu we-kW we-Transformer engu-1000kVA: Umthelela We-Power Factor

Indlela Yokubala Isilinganiso Somthwalo we-kW se-Transformer engu-1000kVA Ngokusekelwe Ku-Power Factor

Ngohlobo oludalaI-transformer engu-1000kVANjengoba okwamanje ithwala umthwalo ongaba ngu-200kW, ingabe le transformer ingahlangabezana nesidingo esikhulu uma sihlela ukwengeza umthwalo omusha ongaba ngu-600kW? Lo mbuzo ugxile kakhulu emqondweni oyisisekelo: ubudlelwano kanye nomehluko phakathi kwe-kVA ne-kW.

Ubudlelwano kanye nomehluko phakathi kwe-kVA ne-kW

I-kVA (kilovolt-ampere) iyiyunithi yamandla abonakalayo, kuyilapho i-kW (kilowatt) imelela iyunithi yamandla asebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwamandla abonakalayo namandla asebenzayo, kukhona futhi amandla asebenzayo, alinganiswa nge-kvar (kilovar).

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamandla asebenzayo, amandla okusabela, kanye namandla abonakalayo?

Amandla Asebenzayo: Uma ilinganiswa ngama-watts (W), imelela amandla angempela asetshenziswayo noma umsebenzi owusizo owenziwa yisekethe (isb., ukushisa, ukukhanyisa).

Amandla Okusabela: Ilinganiswa nge-volt-amperes reactive (VAR), isekela amasimu kazibuthe emithwalweni yokungenisa (isb., ama-motor) kodwa ayenzi umsebenzi wangempela. Isibonelo, uma idivayisi kagesi iqukethe ama-capacitor noma ama-coil, lezi zingxenye zizoshaja futhi zikhiphe njalo ngenkathi idivayisi isebenza. Njengoba ama-capacitor/ama-coil engasebenzisi amandla kagesi ngempela phakathi nale nqubo yokushaja/yokukhipha, amandla ahlobene nawo abizwa ngokuthi amandla asebenzayo.

Amandla Abonakalayo: Uma ilinganiswa ngama-volt-ampere (VA), iyinhlanganisela yamandla asebenzayo nasebenzayo, okumelela amandla aphelele kusekethe. Umthombo wamandla (ngokuvamile i-transformer noma i-generator) akumele unikeze amandla asebenzayo kuphela kodwa futhi namandla asebenzayo kumadivayisi kagesi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, yize ama-capacitor kudivayisi engasebenzisi amandla asebenzayo, ukushaja nokukhipha kwawo okuqhubekayo kusadinga umthombo wamandla ukuthi wabele ingxenye yamandla awo ukusekela le nqubo.

Ngemva kokucacisa le mibono, manje sesingakwazi ukuhlola ubudlelwano bayo, okusiholela komunye umqondo obalulekile: i-power factor. Inani lamandla asebenzayo umthombo wamandla ongawanikeza lincike ngqo ku-power factor.

Iyini i-power factor?

Isici samandla (cosΦ) yisilinganiso samandla asebenzayo (P)‌ kumandla abonakalayo (S):

Isibonelo, i-transformer engu-1000kVA ingaletha amandla asebenzayo angu-600kW lapho i-power factor (cosφ) ingu-0.6, kanti ingakhipha amandla asebenzayo angu-900kW lapho i-power factor ikhuphuka ibe ngu-0.9.

Uma intengo kagesi ingama-$1 nge-kilowatt-hora (kWh), i-transformer esebenza nge-power factor engu-0.6 ingakhiqiza imali engenayo engu-$600/hora. Lapho i-power factor ithuthuka ibe ngu-0.9, i-transformer efanayo ingakhiqiza imali engenayo engu-¥900/hora engu-45. Nakuba izinzuzo zezimali zokuthuthukisa i-power factor zisobala, imiphumela yayo ebanzi yobuchwepheshe (isb., ukwenza ngcono ukuzinza kwegridi kanye nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla) idlulela ngale kwalezi zinzuzo ezisheshayo.

Mangaki ama-kilowatts (kW) i-transformer engu-1000kVA engawasekela？

Ngolwazi oluyisisekelo olusungulwe ngenhla, manje sesingakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo oyinhloko walesi sihloko ngokucacile nangokunembile.

Umthamo we-transformer ulinganiswa ku-‌kVA (kilovolt-amperes), kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemishini kagesi kulinganiswa ku-‌kW (kilowatts). Umehluko oyinhloko useqinisweni lokuthi ukubala amandla asebenzayo (kW) edivayisi kudinga ukuphindaphinda amandla ayo abonakalayo (kVA) nge-‌power factor (cosφ)‌. Isibonelo, i-transformer engu-1000kVA ingaletha kuphela umkhiqizo ogcwele we-‌1000kW‌ uma isebenza ku-power factor engu-‌1.0‌. Kodwa-ke, ukufeza lesi simo esifanele (PF = 1.0) cishe akunakwenzeka ezinhlelweni zangempela.

Esigabeni sokuklama, uma sisebenzisa isinxephezelo se-power factor ukuze sifinyelele i-power factor engu-0.95, ukuphuma kwamandla okusebenzayo kwe-transformer kufanele kubalwe njengo-1000×0.95=950kW. Isaziso Esibalulekile: Izinsizakusebenza zamandla zigunyaza i-power factor (PF) engu-‌≥0.9‌ ukugwema izinhlawulo; noma kunjalo, ukudlula i-‌PF = 1.0‌ kungabangela ukukhuphuka kwe-voltage yesistimu futhi kubeke engcupheni ukuzinza kwegridi‌.

AI-transformer engu-1000kVAekuqaleni inikeza umthwalo kagesi ongu-200kW. Ngemva kokwengeza umthwalo omusha ongu-600kW, isidingo samandla asebenzayo sifinyelela ku-‌800kW‌, okuhlala ngaphakathi komkhawulo wokusebenza ophephile obaliwe we-transformer.

Ngakho-ke,I-transformer engu-1000kVAekuqaleni enikeza umthwalo kagesi ongu-200kW ingasebenza ngokuphephile isikhathi eside ngisho nangemva kokwengeza umthwalo omusha ongu-600kW (uwonke ongu-800kW), uma nje amandla enziwe ngcono ezingeni elidingekayo.