Ukuhlala Upholile: Indlela Izinhlelo Zokupholisa Ze-Transformer Ezandisa Ngayo Impilo Yempahla

Isingeniso

Isikhathi sokuphila kwe-transformer sinqunywa kakhulu yizinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwayo. Kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 Celsius akhuphuka ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe, impilo yokuvikela incishiswa phakathi. Lobu budlelwano obuyisisekelo benza izinhlelo zokupholisa zingagcini nje ngokuba yizingxenye ezisizayo, kodwa futhi zibe yizinto ezibalulekile ezinquma ubude besikhathi sempahla kanye nokuthembeka kwayo.

Ukupholisa kwe-transformer kushintshe kusukela emiklamo elula engenzi lutho kuya ezinhlelweni eziphoqelelwe eziyinkimbinkimbi ezikwazi ukuqeda ama-megawatt okushisa. Ukuqonda lobu buchwepheshe kusiza ochwepheshe bokuthenga ukuthi bacacise imishini efanele futhi bahlole ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside.

Ingxenye Yokuqala: Izisekelo—Indlela Ukushisa Okushiya Ngayo I-Transformer

Ukushisa ku-transformer kuvela emithonjeni emibili: ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo (i-core magnetization) kanye nokulahlekelwa umthwalo (ukumelana nokugoba). Lokhu kushisa kumele kudluliselwe ngezigaba eziningi ngaphambi kokufika emoyeni ozungezile.

Ku- I-Transformer Ecwiliswe Kuwoyelas, indlela yile: ama-hot windings kanye ne-core → uwoyela ozungezile → udonga lwethangi noma indawo ye-radiator → umoya ozungezile. Ukusebenza kahle kwesigaba ngasinye kunquma izinga lokushisa lokugcina le-transformer.

Izindlela zokupholisa ziqokwa ngamakhodi ajwayelekile. Izinhlamvu zokuqala zibonisa indawo yokupholisa yangaphakathi kanye nokujikeleza kwegazi (O yamafutha), kanti izinhlamvu zesibili zichaza indawo yokupholisa yangaphandle kanye nendlela (N yamakhemikhali yemvelo, F yamakhemikhali). Isibonelo, i-ONAN isho i-Oyili Natural Air Natural—ukucushwa okulula kakhulu.

Ingxenye Yesibili: Ukupholisa Kwemvelo—i-ONAN

Ukupholisa kwe-ONAN kuncike ngokuphelele ezinqubweni zemvelo: ukukhuphuka kukawoyela ofudumele, izinki zikawoyela ezipholile, nomoya ujikeleza ngokwemvelo udlula kuma-radiator. Azikho iziphampu, azikho iziphephetha, futhi azikho izingxenye ezihambayo.

Lokhu kulula kunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile: ukusebenza buthule, ukunakekelwa okuncane, kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu. I-ONAN ivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-transformer afinyelela ku-30 ​​MVA ezindaweni ezipholile. Ezindaweni ezipholile, ingasebenza kahle ngamandla amakhulu.

Umkhawulo uwumthamo wokushisa. Ngaphandle kokugeleza okuphoqelelwe, ukupholisa kuncike ngokuphelele ekuhlukeni kwezinga lokushisa nendawo engaphezulu. Ukuze kube namandla aphezulu, kudingeka izinyathelo ezengeziwe

Ingxenye Yesithathu: Ukwengeza Abalandeli—i-ONAF

I-ONAF (i-Oil Natural Air Forced) yengeza amafeni kuma-radiator, okwandisa kakhulu ukudluliselwa kokushisa. Umoya ucindezelwa noma udonswa ezindaweni ezipholile, okuthuthukisa ukuhlakazeka ngamaphesenti angu-150 kuya kwangu-200 uma kuqhathaniswa nokuguquguquka kwemvelo.

Lokhu kuvumela i-transformer efanayo ukuthi iphathe imithwalo ephezulu—ngokuvamile ukwanda kwamandla ngamaphesenti angama-20 kuya kwangu-40. I-ONAF ivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-transformer asebangeni le-MVA elingu-30 kuya ku-100, lapho inikeza khona ibhalansi enhle kakhulu yezindleko nokusebenza.

Amafeni angahlelwa ngokwezinga lokushisa noma umthwalo, asebenze kuphela uma kudingeka. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kwenza i-ONAF ithandwe kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinezidingo zesizini eziguquguqukayo.

Ingxenye Yesine: Ukujikeleziswa Kwamafutha Okuphoqelelwe—i-OFAF kanye ne-ODAF

Kuma-transformer amakhulu kunawo wonke, ukunyakaza kwamafutha emvelo akwanele. I-OFAF (i-Oil Forced Air Forced) yethula amaphampu ahambisa uwoyela ngenkuthalo ohlelweni lokupholisa. Lokhu kusheshisa ukudluliselwa kokushisa kusuka kuma-windings kuya kuma-radiator, okuvumela ubuningi bamandla obuphezulu kakhulu.

I-ODAF (Oil Directed Air Forced) ithatha lokhu phambili ngokuqondisa ukugeleza kukawoyela ngeziteshi ezithile ezigoqayo, iqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nezindawo ezishisa kakhulu zithola ukupholisa okwanele. Lezi zinhlelo zijwayelekile kuma-transformer angaphezu kwe-100 MVA kanye nasezindaweni ezidinga amandla njengezimo zezulu ezishisayo noma ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezimboni.

Ukushintshana kubalulekile: amaphampu namafeni asebenzisa amandla, adala umsindo, futhi adinga ukulungiswa njalo. Ama-transformer e-OFAF nawo abiza kakhulu ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamandla aphezulu, ayikho enye indlela ewusizo.

Ingxenye Yesihlanu: Izindlela Zokupholisa Ezikhethekile

Ukupholisa Amanzi.Amanye ama-transformer amakhulu kakhulu noma amayunithi okukhulisa amandla kagesi asebenzisa izinhlelo ze-OFWF (Oil Forced Water Forced). Amandla okushisa aphezulu amanzi avumela amalungiselelo okupholisa amancane, kodwa ingozi yokuvuza idinga ukuvalwa okumangalisayo nokulawulwa kwengcindezi.

I-Transformer Yohlobo Olomiles.Uma kufakwa ngaphakathi endlini, ama-transformer ohlobo olomile athembele ekujikelezeni komoya ngokusebenzisa ama-windings afakwe i-epoxy. Imiklamo isukela ku-AN (Air Natural) kuya ku-AF (Air Forced) enamafeni. Nakuba kususa ingozi yomlilo kawoyela, ukupholisa kohlobo olomile ngokwemvelo akusebenzi kahle njengokucwiliswa koketshezi.

Ubuchwepheshe Obusha.Ucwaningo lwakamuva luhlola ukupholisa okubangelwa ukuhwamuka, lapho izinto zokushintsha kwesigaba zimunca ukushisa ngokuhwamuka, kufezwe ama-coefficients okudlulisa ukushisa avelele. Amapayipi okushisa okushintsha kwesigaba nawo ayafundwa ngama-transformer ohlobo olomile, okungenzeka anciphise amazinga okushisa futhi athuthukise ukufana.

Ingxenye Yesithupha: Ukuthuthukiswa Komklamo kanye Nezindlela Zesikhathi Esizayo

Umklamo wokupholisa wesimanje uncike kakhulu ku-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubekwa kwe-radiator, isikhala se-fin, kanye nezindlela zokuhamba komoya. Ngisho nokuthuthukiswa okuncane ekusebenzeni kahle kuhumushela ekongeni amandla okukhulu eminyakeni eminingi yokusebenza.

Abacwaningi bahlola nezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ezisebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene kuye ngezimo—i-ONAN ngezikhathi zomthwalo ophansi, i-ONAF ngesikhathi seziqongo—ukulinganisela ukusebenza kahle namandla okupholisa.

Kwabachwepheshe bokuthenga, ukuqonda lezi zinketho kwenza kube lula ukucacisa kangcono. Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe zifaka phakathi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, amaphrofayili omthwalo ajwayelekile, imikhawulo yomsindo, kanye namakhono okulungisa. Uhlelo lokupholisa olufanele aluvikeli nje kuphela i-transformer—lukhulisa imbuyiselo yokutshalwa kwezimali kuyo yonke impilo yayo.

Isiphetho

Izinhlelo zokupholisa ze-transformer zishintshe kusukela kuma-radiator alula kuya ezinhlanganisweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaphampu, amafeni, kanye nezilawuli. Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-ONAN, i-ONAF, i-OFAF, noma imiklamo ekhethekile kuncike kumthamo, indawo, kanye nezidingo zokusebenza.

Okuhlala kungaguquki yisimiso esiyisisekelo: ukupholisa okuphumelelayo kwandisa impilo ye-transformer. Izinga ngalinye libalulekile, futhi uhlelo lokupholisa luyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuphatha lawo madigri. Kulabo abatshala imali kuma-transformer, ukuqonda ukupholisa akuyona into ongayikhetha—kubalulekile.