I-Transformer Yohlobo Olomile Yekilasi 1E Yezitshalo Zamandla Enuzi

1. Iyini i-Transformer yohlobo olomile ye-Class 1E?

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda umqondo oyinhloko we-"Class 1E".

Isigaba 1E: Lokhu ukuhlukaniswa kokuphepha okususelwa ezindinganisweni zokuklama isitshalo samandla enuzi (isb., i-IEEE Std 323 e-US noma i-GB/T 12727 eShayina). Kubhekisela kumishini kagesi nezinhlelo ezibalulekile ekwenzeni imisebenzi ebalulekile yokuphepha, njengokuvalwa okuphuthumayo kwe-reactor, ukuhlukaniswa kokugcinwa, ukupholisa i-reactor core, kanye nokuvimbela ukukhishwa kwezinto ezinemisebe.

I-Transformer Yohlobo Olomile: I-transformer okugoqeka kwayo okungacwiliswanga ku-oyili yokuvikela kodwa kuvikelwa ngezinto eziqinile zokuvikela (isb., i-epoxy resin).

Ngakho-ke, i-Class 1E Dry-Type Transformer ichazwa ngokuthi: I-transformer yohlobo olomile eyenzelwe ngqo ukunikeza amandla ezinhlelweni ze-safety-class (1E) zesitshalo samandla enuzi. Kumelwe ikwazi ukusebenza ngokuthembekile nangokuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, izimo zengozi (isb., ukuzamazama komhlaba, i-LOCA - Ukulahlekelwa Yingozi Yokupholisa), kanye nezimo zangemva kwengozi isikhathi esithile.

Kalula nje, ingenye "yemithombo yamandla eyinhloko" yezinhlelo zokuphepha zesitshalo samandla enuzi.

1. Kungani Izitshalo Zamandla Enuzi Kumelwe Zisebenzise Ama-Transformer Ekilasi 1E?

Ukuphepha kwesitshalo samandla enuzi kuyinto eza kuqala. Indima yabaguquli be-Class 1E ukuhlinzeka ngamandla azinzile nathembekile emishinini yokuphepha ebalulekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa:

Izinhlelo zokusabalalisa ezihlobene nokuphepha

I-Switchgear yamajeneretha kadizili aphuthumayo

Izinhlelo zokulawula nokuvikela ama-reactor

Ama-motor for Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS) amaphampu

Izinhlelo zokuqapha ngemva kwengozi

Izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya kanye nokuhlukanisa

Ukulahlekelwa amandla kulezi zinhlelo kungaholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele. Ngakho-ke, ama-transformer e-Class 1E ayisici esibalulekile esu lokuzivikela elijulile lesitshalo samandla enuzi.

1. Izidingo Eziyinhloko kanye Nobuchwepheshe Obubalulekile Beziguquli Zohlobo Olomile Zekilasi 1E

Ama-transformer e-Class 1E ahluke kakhulu kuma-transformer ajwayelekile ezimboni noma ezentengiselwano ezomile. Izidingo zawo eziyinhloko zibonakala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuthembeka Okuphelele kanye Nezimfanelo Zemvelo (Imishini ye-K1, K2, K3)

Izitshalo zamandla enuzi zihlukanisa imishini ye-Class 1E ngokusekelwe ebunzimeni bezimo zemvelo okumele zibhekane nazo. Ama-transformer awela ezigabeni ezifanele:

Isigaba se-K1: Kufakwe ngaphakathi kwesiqukathi. Kumelwe kumelane nezimo ezijwayelekile, ukuzamazama komhlaba (i-OBE/SSE), kanye nokushisa okuphezulu, umfutho ophezulu, umswakama ophezulu, kanye nendawo yokufutha ngamakhemikhali okubangelwa yi-Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA), futhi kumele kuhlale kusebenza ngemva kwengozi. Lesi yisigaba esiqinile kakhulu.

Isigaba se-K2: Kufakwe ngaphakathi kwe-container kodwa kudinga kuphela ukumelana nezimo ezijwayelekile kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba, ngaphandle kwendawo ye-LOCA.

Isigaba se-K3: Kufakwe ngaphandle kwe-container kodwa kuyingxenye yesistimu ehlobene nokuphepha, okudingekayo ukuze kumelwane nezimo ezijwayelekile kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba.

Ubuchwepheshe Obubalulekile Obuhambisanayo:

Uhlelo Lokuvikela Olukhethekile: Lusebenzisa izinto zokuvikela ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezivimbela ilangabi, ezimelana nomswakama, nezimelana nemisebe (isb., i-epoxy resin ephezulu). Izinqubo ezithuthukisiwe zokukhipha/ukufaka (isb., ubuchwepheshe bokufaka obuncane, i-Vacuum Pressure Impregnation) zisetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa isakhiwo sokuvikela esiqinile esingenazo izikhala, esinamazinga aphansi kakhulu okukhipha ingxenye.

Ukumelana Nomlilo Okuphakeme (Isigaba se-F1): Izinto ziyazicisha futhi ngeke zikwazi ukusha ngisho noma zibekwe elangeni elivulekile, okuvimbela ukusabalala komlilo.

Amandla Okusebenza Okuqinile: Isakhiwo sonke se-transformer (kufaka phakathi ama-windings, ozimele, njll.) kumele simelane nokuzamazama komhlaba okuphephile (SSE) ngaphandle komonakalo, okuqinisekisa ubuqotho bokusebenza. Lokhu kumele kuqinisekiswe ngokuhlaziywa okunembile kwe-Finite Element (FEA) kanye nokuhlolwa kweziqu zokuzamazama komhlaba okuqinile.

2. Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi Okuqinile kanye Nesitifiketi

Uhlelo lwe-Nuclear QA: Umjikelezo wokuphila wonke—kusukela ekwakhiweni, ekuthengweni kwezinto, ekukhiqizweni, ekuhlolweni, kuya ekulethweni—kumele kuhambisane nohlelo lokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yenuzi (ngokuvamile olusekelwe ku-HAF 003 noma ku-10 CFR 50 Appendix B), ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwenqubo okugcwele kanye nokulandeleka.

Iziqu kanye Nesitifiketi: I-transformer kumele iphumelele ukuhlolwa kohlobo kanye nokuhlolwa kweziqu zokuzamazama komhlaba okwenziwa yi-ejensi eqashelwa yinhlangano kazwelonke yokulawula ukuphepha kwenyukliya (isb., i-NNSA eShayina) ukuze ibonise ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-Class 1E. Lena "ilayisensi" yayo yokungena emakethe.

3. Umklamo Nokuhlolwa Kokusebenza Okuqondile

Ukumelana Nokuguga Kwemisebe: Ikakhulukazi kuma-transformer esigaba se-K1, izinto zokushisa kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo kumele zihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukwehla kokusebenza okuphawulekayo ngaphansi komthamo wokushisa okulindelekile phakathi nesikhathi sabo sokuphila.

Ukuhlolwa Okuqinile Kwendlela Nohlobo: Ngale kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile (isilinganiso, ukumelana, ukungabikho komthwalo/ukulahlekelwa umthwalo, i-dielectric, izinga lomsindo, njll.), ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kuyimpoqo, njengokuthi:

Ukulinganiswa Kokukhishwa Okungaphelele: Izidingo ziqinile kakhulu, ngokuvamile zidinga amazinga angaphansi kwama-pC angu-5-10, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokufakwa kokushisa kwesikhathi eside.

Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Impulse Voltage (Umbani Nokushintsha I-Impulse).