Isishintshi Sethephu Esiguqulayo

Idivayisi yokulawula i-voltage ye-transformer ihlukaniswe yaba idivayisi yokulawula i-voltage ye-transformer ethi "off-excitation" kanye ne-transformer ethi "on-load" tap changer.

Zombili zibhekisela kwimodi yokulawula i-voltage ye-transformer tap changer, ngakho-ke uyini umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili?

① I-tap changer "engasebenzi kahle" iwukushintsha i-high-voltage side tap ye-transformer ukuze ishintshe isilinganiso sokujika kwe-winding for voltage regulation lapho izinhlangothi zombili eziyinhloko nezesibili ze-transformer zinqanyuliwe kugesi.

② I-tap changer "Elayishiwe": Kusetshenziswa i-tap changer elayishiwe, i-tap ye-transformer winding iyashintshwa ukuze kushintshwe ukujika kwe-voltage ephezulu ukuze kulawulwe i-voltage ngaphandle kokusika i-load current.

Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili ukuthi i-tap changer engashukumisi ayinalo ikhono lokushintsha amagiya ngomthwalo, ngoba lolu hlobo lwe-tap changer lunenqubo yokunqamula isikhashana ngesikhathi senqubo yokushintsha amagiya. Ukunqamula i-load current kuzobangela ukugoqana phakathi koxhumana nabo futhi kulimaze i-tap changer. I-tap changer elayishayo inokuguquguquka okukhulu kokumelana ngesikhathi senqubo yokushintsha amagiya, ngakho-ke ayikho inqubo yokunqamula isikhashana. Uma ushintsha kusuka kwelinye igiya uye kwelinye, ayikho inqubo yokugoqa i-arcing lapho i-load current inqanyulwa. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ama-transformer anezidingo eziqinile ze-voltage ezidinga ukulungiswa njalo.

Njengoba i-transformer "on-load" tap changer ingakwazi ukufeza umsebenzi wokulawula i-voltage ngaphansi kwesimo sokusebenza se-transformer, kungani ukhethe i-"off-load" tap changer? Yiqiniso, isizathu sokuqala intengo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, intengo ye-off-load Isiguquli Sokushintsha Kampompi ingu-2/3 wentengo yesiguquli sokushintsha impompi esilayishwayo; ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthamo wesiguquli sokushintsha impompi esilayishwayo uncane kakhulu ngoba asinayo ingxenye yesiguquli sokushintsha impompi esilayishwayo. Ngakho-ke, uma kungekho mithetho noma ezinye izimo, isiguquli sokushintsha impompi esilayishwayo sizokhethwa.

Kungani kufanele ukhethe i-transformer eshintsha impompi elayishwayo? Iyini umsebenzi wayo?
① Thuthukisa izinga lokufaneleka kwe-voltage.
Ukudluliswa kwamandla kunethiwekhi yokusatshalaliswa kohlelo lwamandla kudala ukulahlekelwa, futhi inani lokulahlekelwa lincane kakhulu eduze kwe-voltage elinganisiwe. Ukwenza ukulawulwa kwe-voltage elayishiwe, ukugcina njalo i-voltage yebhasi yesiteshi esincane ifanelekile, nokwenza imishini kagesi isebenze esimweni se-voltage elinganisiwe kuzonciphisa ukulahlekelwa, okuyindlela engabizi kakhulu futhi enengqondo. Izinga lokufaneleka kwe-voltage lingenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zekhwalithi yokunikezwa kwamandla. Ukulawulwa kwe-voltage elayishiwe ngesikhathi kungaqinisekisa izinga lokufaneleka kwe-voltage, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuphila kwabantu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimboni nezolimo.

② Thuthukisa umthamo wesinxephezelo samandla asabelayo futhi wandise izinga lokufaka i-capacitor.
Njengedivayisi yokubuyisela amandla okusabela, ukuphuma kwamandla okusabela kwama-capacitor kagesi kuhambelana nesikwele se-voltage yokusebenza. Lapho i-voltage yokusebenza yesistimu yamandla yehla, umphumela wokubuyisela uyancipha, futhi lapho i-voltage yokusebenza ikhuphuka, imishini kagesi iyakhokhelwa ngokweqile, okwenza i-voltage yokugcina ikhuphuke, idlule ngisho nezinga elijwayelekile, okulula ukulimaza ukufudumala kwemishini futhi kubangele
izingozi zemishini. Ukuze kuvinjelwe amandla asabelayo ukuthi abuyiselwe ohlelweni lwamandla kanye nemishini yesinxephezelo samandla asabelayo ukuthi ingasebenzi, okuholela ekuchithekeni nasekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwamadivayisi kagesi asabelayo, iswishi enkulu ye-transformer tap kufanele ilungiswe ngesikhathi ukuze kulungiswe i-voltage yebhasi ibe sebangeni elifanelekile, ukuze kungabikho sidingo sokukhubaza isinxephezelo se-capacitor.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani imithethonqubo ye-voltage elayishiwe?
Izindlela zokulawula i-voltage elayishiwe zifaka phakathi ukulawulwa kwe-voltage kagesi kanye nokulawulwa kwe-voltage ngesandla.

Ingqikithi yokulawulwa kwe-voltage on-load ukulungisa i-voltage ngokulungisa isilinganiso sokuguqulwa kohlangothi oluphezulu lwe-voltage kuyilapho i-voltage ohlangothini oluphansi lwe-voltage ingashintshi. Sonke siyazi ukuthi uhlangothi oluphezulu lwe-voltage ngokuvamile luyi-voltage yesistimu, kanti i-voltage yesistimu ngokuvamile ayiguquki. Lapho inani lokujika ohlangothini oluphezulu lwe-voltage winding likhushulwa (okungukuthi, isilinganiso sokuguqulwa sikhushulwa), i-voltage ohlangothini oluphansi lwe-voltage izoncipha; ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho inani lokujika ohlangothini oluphezulu lwe-voltage winding lincishisiwe (okungukuthi, isilinganiso sokuguqulwa sincishisiwe), i-voltage ohlangothini oluphansi lwe-voltage izokhula. Okungukuthi:

Ukwandisa ukujika = ukwehla kwejubane = ukwehla kwamandla kagesi Ukunciphisa ukujika = ukwehla kwamandla kagesi = ukwanda kwamandla kagesi
Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho i-transformer ingakwazi khona ukwenza i-tap changer lapho ilayishwa?
① Uma i-transformer igcwele ngokweqile (ngaphandle kwezimo ezikhethekile)
② Uma i-alamu yegesi ekhanyayo yedivayisi yokulawula i-voltage elayishiwe ivuliwe
③ Uma ukumelana nengcindezi kawoyela kwedivayisi yokulawula i-voltage ekulayishweni kungafaneleki noma kungekho uwoyela ophawulweni kawoyela
④ Uma inani lokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi lidlula inani elibekiwe
⑤ Uma idivayisi yokulawula i-voltage ingajwayelekile

Kungani ukulayisha ngokweqile kukhiya ne-tap changer efakwayo?
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ngesikhathi senqubo yokulawula i-voltage elayishiwe ye-transformer eyinhloko, kukhona umehluko we-voltage phakathi kwesixhumi esiyinhloko kanye ne-target tap, ekhiqiza i-circulating current. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi senqubo yokulawula i-voltage, i-resistor ixhunywe ngokulingana ukuze idlule i-circulating current kanye ne-load current. I-parallel resistor idinga ukumelana ne-current enkulu.

Uma i-transformer yamandla igcwele ngokweqile, amandla okusebenza e-transformer eyinhloko adlula amandla alinganiselwe e-tap changer, okungase kushise isixhumi esisizayo se-tap changer.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuvinjelwe isenzakalo sokugoba kwe-tap changer, akuvunyelwe ukwenza ukulawulwa kwe-voltage elayishiwe lapho i-transformer eyinhloko igcwele ngokweqile. Uma ukulawulwa kwe-voltage kuphoqelelwa, idivayisi yokulawulwa kwe-voltage elayishiwe ingasha, igesi yomthwalo ingase isebenze, futhi iswishi eyinhloko ye-transformer ingakhubeka.