I-Switchgear

Kuyini i-Switchgear?

Amasekethe kagesi aphatha umthamo womthwalo onqunyiwe ngokwedizayini. Kumelwe alawulwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ugesi oweqile ekushiseni ngokweqile izintambo futhi kugcwale kakhulu uhlelo. Uhlelo olugcwele kakhulu luyingozi yokuphepha engalimaza izingxenye ezibalulekile futhi ibangele ngisho nemililo kagesi. Kukhona i-Switchgear yokulawula izimpahla zikagesi nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo okuphephile nokusebenza kahle.

Izingxenye ze-switchgear zifaka phakathi ama-switch okukhipha ugesi, ama-circuit breaker, ama-fuse, kanye nama-lightning arrestor aqhuba noma aphazamise ukuhamba kukagesi. Uma kwenzeka ugesi omkhulu, i-switchgear iphazamisa ukuhamba kukagesi futhi ivikele izinhlelo zikagesi ekulimaleni kokugcwala kwamandla.

Kungani kudingeka i-switchgear?

Ama-switchgear aklanyelwe ukuvikela imishini exhunywe kugesi engcupheni yokugcwala kukagesi. Imishini yokushintsha ugesi ivikela imishini, izinto zikagesi, ama-motor, nezinye izinhlelo eziqukethe izifunda zikagesi ngokulawula nokulawula ukugeleza kwamandla kagesi.

I-Switchgear ivikela futhi ochwepheshe bokulungisa nokulungisa ekulimaleni ngokubahlukanisa nezifunda ezinamandla. Ochwepheshe bakagesi kanye nezinsiza bathembele ku-switchgear ukuze banciphise amandla emishini ukuze bahlole ngokuphephile izifunda, benze imisebenzi yokulungisa, futhi basuse amaphutha angaphansi komfula.

Isebenza kanjani i-switchgear?

Imishini ye-switchgear ivimbela umonakalo kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesevisi ngokulawula ukugeleza kwamandla ngaphakathi kohlelo lukagesi. Ingahlukanisa amasekethe athintekile ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngamandla avela emithonjeni eminingi kuya emthwalweni ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lapho ugesi ukhuphuka noma iphutha libangela i-circuit breaker ngaphakathi kwe-electrical switching assembly, izingxenye ezisekelayo ziphazamisa futhi zikhiphe ugesi kusekethe egcwele ngokweqile ngenkathi zigcina isevisi kumasekethe asebenzayo.

Ama-Switchboard vs. Ama-Switchgear
Ama-switchboard nama-switchgear asebenza imisebenzi ehlukene kakhulu. Anezingxenye zehadiwe ezahlukene, i-voltage, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nezindinganiso zokuphepha. Ama-switchboard angamadivayisi ane-voltage ephansi asetshenziswa ezindaweni zezentengiselwano nezezimboni ukudlulisa, ukuhambisa kabusha, nokusabalalisa amandla kuma-transformer ngamanye, izinhlelo zokulawula, amaphaneli wesekethe, kanye nemithwalo. I-Switchgear ilawula ukuhamba kwamandla kagesi ukuvimbela ukwanda kwamandla okuyingozi.

Izinhlobo ze-switchgear
ENyakatho Melika, izinhlobo ezintathu zemishini yokushintsha ugesi zihlukaniswa ngokwezindinganiso ze-ANSI/IEEE kanye ne-NEC 2014 zezinhlelo zikagesi ezihlinzeka ngamaza ashintshanayo.

1. Imishini yokushintsha ugesi ene-voltage ephansi isetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezisebenza ngaphansi kwe-kilovolt (kV) eyi-1.

2. Imishini yokushintsha ugesi ene-voltage ephakathi isebenza ngama-voltage asukela ku-1 kV kuya ku-75 kV

3. Imishini yokushintsha ugesi enamandla aphezulu isebenza ngama-voltage asukela ku-75 kV kuya cishe ku-230 kV.

Imishini yokushintsha ugesi kumele igcinwe endaweni efanelekile ebekwe ngesilinganiso se-NEMA uma isetshenziswa ngaphandle ukuze ivikeleke ekuphazamisekeni nasezimo zezulu.

● Isigubhu sokushintsha esisebenza ngamandla aphansi
I-switchgear ene-voltage ephansi iqukethe ama-switch, ama-circuit breaker ane-voltage ephansi, ama-earth leakage circuit breaker, ama-miniature circuit breaker (ama-MCB), ama-molded case circuit breaker (ama-MCCB), ama-high-interrupting capacity (ama-HRC) fuses, kanye nama-offload electrical isolators.

Le mishini ingalungiselelwa ukusetshenziswa ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle futhi ingalinganiswa ukuthi isetshenziswe kuma-volts angu-208, ama-volts angu-240, ama-volts angu-480, kanye nama-volts angu-600 afinyelela kuma-volts angu-1000. Izakhiwo zezimboni, zikamasipala nezentengiselwano zivame ukusebenzisa i-switchgear ene-voltage ephansi ukulawula ukulethwa kwamandla ku-HVAC, ukukhanyisa, nezinye izinhlelo zesakhiwo.

● Isiguquli se-voltage esimaphakathi
I-switchgear ye-voltage ephakathi isebenzisa ama-insulator kawoyela, igesi, noma i-vacuum kanye nama-circuit breaker ukuphazamisa ukugeleza kwamanje uma kwenzeka ugesi ukhuphuka noma iphutha lesistimu. Ama-insulator avikela futhi apholise izingxenye ezingaphakathi kwemishini yokushintsha kagesi, kuyilapho i-circuit breaker idonsa oxhumana nabo be-circuit ukuze ikhiphe i-arc.

Izinhlelo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zivame ukulinganiselwa ku-5 kV, 12 kV, 15 kV, kanye no-35 kV kuze kufike ku-75 kV ukukhombisa i-voltage ephezulu kakhulu ezingayinakekela. Lo mshini wokushintsha ugesi uvame ukusetshenziswa eziteshini zokukhiqiza kanye neziteshi zokudlulisa. Uphinde usetshenziswe ukulawula ama-motor, ama-feeder circuits, kanye nama-generator ezindaweni zezimboni nezentengiselwano.

● Isigubhu sokushintsha esinamandla aphezulu
I-switchgear enamandla aphezulu ilawula izinhlelo zamandla ezisebenza okungenani ku-75 kV. Lo mshini wokushintsha ugesi usebenzisa izixhumi, izishintshi zokufaka umhlaba, izindlela zokushintsha ugesi ophezulu, ama-fuse, kanye nama-circuit breaker ukulawula, ukulawula, ukuphazamisa, ukuhlukanisa, kanye nokukhipha ugesi.

Ngenxa yokuthi noma yiliphi iphutha likagesi lingadala i-arc enamandla kakhulu, imishini yokushintsha ugesi enamandla aphezulu idinga ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo nangokuthembekile. Le mishini yokushintsha ibalulekile emisebenzini ehlangabezana nokwanda kwamaphutha kagesi futhi edinga ukunciphisa amandla njalo emishini. Ivame ukutholakala ezinhlelweni ezinkulu zokudlulisa nokusabalalisa ugesi kanye nezindawo zezentengiselwano noma zezimboni.

Izinhlobo Zokufaka Izinto Zokushintsha
Ngama-voltage ahlukahlukene, i-switchgear ingasebenzisa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuvikela ukuvikela amadivayisi anamandla emaphutheni kagesi. Izivalo ze-switchgear zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuvikela ukuvikela.

● Imishini yokushintsha ugesi efakwe ugesi
I-switchgear efakwe igesi (i-GIS) isebenzisa ama-circuit breaker asebenzisa igesi ye-sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) ecindezelwe ukuze ifake igesi kuma-conductor kanye nokuxhumana futhi icishe ugesi we-arc odalwe iphutha likagesi. I-Carbon dioxide (CO2) iyindlela engcono kakhulu kune-SF6 esikhundleni se-SF6. Ukufaka i-SF6 esikhundleni se-CO2 kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ngamathani ayi-10 phakathi nomjikelezo wokuphila kwemishini.

● Imishini yokushintsha ugesi efakwe umoya
I-switchgear efakwe umoya (i-AIS) isebenzisa ama-circuit breaker asebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe noma amandla kazibuthe ukuze andise i-arc ukuze izikhiphe yona.

● Imishini yokushintsha ugesi efakwe ugesi
I-switchgear efakwe uwoyela ishisa uwoyela wamaminerali endleleni ye-arc edalwe lapho oxhumana nabo abathwala ugesi behlukana bese bewuzungeza ngebhamuza legesi ye-hydrogen elikhipha ugesi futhi livimbele i-arc ukuthi ingaphinde ishayise.

● Imishini yokushintsha ugesi efakwe ugesi
I-switchgear efakwe i-vacuum isusa ama-molecule angashintshwa yi-electromagnetic current. Noma iyiphi i-arc izokwelulwa futhi iphele ngisho noma i-voltage ikhuphuka.

Ukufakwa Kwegiya Lokushintsha
Izisebenzi ezinelayisensi efanele kumele zifake yonke imishini yokushintsha kagesi ngokuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha esebenzayo, iziqondiso zokwakha, kanye nemiyalelo yomkhiqizi. Ukufakwa okufanele kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokusebenza okuhle kakhulu.