Ukukhishwa Okungaphelele Kwama-Transformers Acwiliswe Kuwoyela: Imvelo Nezimbangela Ezivamile Zamazinga E-PD Aphezulu

01 Isingeniso

Ukukhishwa kwengxenye (PD) emanzini acwiliswe uwoyela Ama-Power Transformers kusalokhu kuyinselele eyaziwayo emhlabeni wonke embonini ye-transformer. Abakhiqizi abaningi balahlekelwe kakhulu ngenxa yokwehluleka okuhlobene ne-PD.

Ukweqiwa kwe-PD kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwefektri, ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu, noma ezindaweni zamakhasimende. Ukuthola imithombo ye-PD kuvame ukufana "nokuthola inalithi esibayeni sotshani," okuholela ekusebenzeni kabusha okuhlala izinsuku noma izinyanga, okubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwekhwalithi kubakhiqizi noma abasebenzisi bokugcina.

Ngakho-ke, ukuxilonga ngokwesayensi nokuhlonza ngokushesha izimbangela ze-PD ngokweqile kubalulekile.

02 Incazelo kanye Nemvelo

Nakuba kungekho ncazelo esemthethweni ekhona, umbhali uchaza i-PD ngokuthi:
[Ukuphuma komoya okwenzeka ezindaweni ezisendaweni ngaphakathi kwe-transformer engakadali ukuphuka kokushisa noma ukushaqeka ngokushesha.]

Izimo ze-PD ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kodwa zinesimo esifanayo:
[Amaphutha esakhiwo, ezinto ezibonakalayo, noma okukhiqiza ohlelweni lokufaka ugesi abangela ukuphambuka kwensimu kagesi yendawo okungaphezu kwamandla e-dielectric ngaleso sikhathi, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-ionization okuphindaphindiwe, okulinganiselwe, okungangeni.]

Ngamafuphi, uhlobo lwe-PD lusekugxileni kwensimu kagesi yendawo okwedlula amandla ensimu yokuqala ye-PD.

03 Izimbangela Eziyinhloko

Ngokusekelwe ezindleleni ze-PD, noma yisiphi isici esibangela amasimu kagesi amaningi kakhulu endaweni ethile singase sibangele ukweqiwa kwe-PD.

3.1 Izindawo ze-PD
I-PD ingavela ku:

Ama-Bushing

 

Abashintshi be-tap be-OLTC/DETC

 

Ama-lead

 

Ama-winding

 

Izingxenye zokumisa phansi

 

Izindawo zokuvala/iziphambeko zangaphakathi

 

Uwoyela we-transformer

Izindawo ezisengozini kakhulu:Umoya uvalekile ekushiseni okuqinile noma emabhamuzeni egesi ku-oyili.
Isizathu:Ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kwamandla kagesi, ukuqina kwensimu kagesi kuhambelana ngokuphambene ne-dielectric constant (ε).

Ukufakwa kwephepha ε ≈ 4.4

 

Izikhala zomoya ε ≈ 2.0
→ I-air voids ithola amandla ensimu aphezulu angu-≈2.2×.
Ngamandla aphansi okuqhekeka (I-AC ≈2kV/mm), izikhala/amabhamuza aba amaphuzu abuthakathaka okuqala kwe-PD.

3.2 Izinhlobo ze-PD
Izinhlobo ze-PD ezivamile ku I-Transformer Ecwiliswe Kuwoyelas:

Ukukhishwa kwebhamuza legesi

 

Ukukhishwa okubangelwa umswakama(ukushisa okumanzi)

 

Ukukhishwa kwe-electrode ebukhali(amathiphu e-electrode enamandla aphezulu/omhlaba)

 

Ukukhishwa okungenzeka okuntantayo

 

Ukukhishwa kwesikhala samafutha esime njenge-wedge

 

Ukukhishwa okuvela ezinhlayiyeni zensimbi/ezingcolile

 

Amaphutha okunamathelayo(ingcina eningi kakhulu/esezingeni eliphansi emapuletini okubopha/emasongweni okugcina)

Ukuqonda Okubalulekile:

Ukweqiwa kwe-PD akuvamile ukuhlotshaniswa nomklamo (amathuba angu-≈0.5%).
Ama-95%+ avela ezintweni ezibonakalayo, enqubweni, noma ekukhiqizweni.

Isizathu:Uma ama-overvoltage (LI, LIC, SI, LTAC) eguqulwa abe yi-voltage elingana ne-1 min power-frequency ukumelana ne-voltage (Ukuguqulwa kwe-DIL), konke kudlula i-voltage yokuhlola i-PD (IVPD). Ukufakwa kwe-Main/longitudinal kwenzelwe isimo se-overvoltage ephezulu kakhulu.

Cha.	Uhlobo lwe-PD	Indawo	Indlela yokusebenza	Amacala Avamile
1	Ukukhishwa Kwe-Sharp Electrode	Izingxenye zokubopha, ithangi, i-bushing ekhuphukayo, ama-terminals okugoqa i-lead	Irediyasi encane egobile → ukuminyana kweshaja ephezulu → ukugcwala kwensimu okukhulu	Amabhawodi angavikelwe eduze kwama-electrode e-HV; imiphetho ebukhali ekuvikelweni okunamandla
2	Ibhamuza Legesi/Ukukhishwa Okungenalutho	Amabhamuza ku-oyili / izikhala ku-insulation eqinile	I-dielectric constant ephansi (ε≈1) → ukucindezeleka okuphezulu kwensimu + amandla aphansi okuqhekeka (2kV/mm)	I-vacuum engaphelele; ukugcwaliswa kwamafutha okusheshayo; inhlaka eningi/embi kakhulu emasongweni okugcina/ezindilinga zokulinganisa
3	Ukukhishwa Okubangelwa Umswakama	Ama-windings, i-core insulation, ama-lead	Umswakama wehlisa amandla e-dielectric ngo-60-70%	Ukomiswa okungenele kwengaphakathi; ukuchayeka kakhulu emoyeni ozungezile ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa
4	Ukuphuma Okungase Kuntante	Ibhodi lokunyathelisa, izisekelo ze-lead, ama-shunt kazibuthe	Ukuqongelela kweshaja → ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuphumayo ngokuzumayo	Isivikelo sikamazibuthe esingamboziwe; izindandatho zikagesi ezingaxhumene kahle
5	Ukukhishwa Kwezinto Ezingcolile	Amanzi/imicu/izinhlayiya zensimbi emafutheni	Ukuhlanekezelwa kwensimu + amanzi andisa ukucindezeleka kwensimu ngo-2.9×	Ukuhluzwa kwamafutha okunganele; umongo ongcolile; ukungena komswakama

04 Umbono

Ukuqonda izinhlobo ze-PD ezivamile, izindlela, izindawo, kanye nezifundo zamacala kubalulekile ekuxazululeni izinkinga okuqondiwe kuzo.

Kuhlanganiswe nezimiso zokuxhumanisa i-transformer, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo, izici ze-PD waveform, indawo ye-polarity, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuxilonga, lolu lwazi lwenza kube lula ukuhlonza imbangela yezimpande ngokushesha futhi lunciphise ukulahleka kwekhwalithi.