Izinqubomgomo Zemboni Zama-Transformers Anamandla Aphezulu Emhlabeni Wonke kusukela ngo-2025

Ngokusekelwe olwazini lomphakathi kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJulayi 2025,izinqubomgomo zemboni ye-transformer enamandla aphezulu​ ukugxila emhlabeni jikelele kuukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla, ukwesekwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukulawulwa kwemakethe, kanye nokuxhumana kwegridi yesifunda. Ngezansi umbono ohlelekile wezindlela ezibalulekile zenqubomgomo kazwelonke/yesifunda:

I. I-European Union (EU): Ukuqinisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kwamandla kanye Nezidingo Zemvelo Zokuguqulwa Kwemvelo​
I-EU isalokhu ingumholi womhlaba wonke ekubekeni amazinga aqinile okusebenzisa kahle amandla ochwepheshe abaphezuluAma-Voltage Transformers, njengoba izinqubomgomo zika-2025 zibeka phambili izinguquko ze-carbon ephansi ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokusebenza kahle kanye nomnotho ojikelezayo:

​1. Izindinganiso Ezithuthukisiwe Zokusebenzisa Amandla:Ngaphansi kwe-Ecodesign Directive (ErP Directive, 2009/125/EC), kusukela kokuphakathi kuya kokukhulu Ama-Power Transformers (kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zama-voltage aphezulu) zibhekene nemikhawulo eqinile ekulahlekelweni komthwalo kanye nokulahlekelwa umthwalo, ngokunciphisa okumaphakathi okungu-15% uma kuqhathaniswa nemingcele yangaphambilini. Izinga lokusebenza kahle kwamandla lama-transformer lizothuthukiswa kusukela ku-Class E kuya ku-Class D ngo-2025, okuqhuba ukwamukelwa kwezinto zokulahlekelwa okuncane (isb., ama-alloys amorphous, ama-nanocrystalline cores) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulungisa amandla ahlakaniphile.

2. Izibopho Zomnotho Ojikelezayo: Kusukela ngo-2025, i-EU izobeka imingcele esilinganisweni sokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto zokuguqula (isb., izinto eziyinhloko nezigoqekayo) futhi iqinise ukuqapha imfucuza kagesi (kufaka phakathi ama-transformer). Abakhiqizi bazobhekana nomthwalo wemfanelo wokusetshenziswa kabusha.

3. Isitifiketi se-CE esithuthukisiwe: Ama-transformer ane-voltage ephezulu athunyelwa e-EU kumele ahambisane ne-Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC, 2014/30/EU) kanye ne-Machinery Directive (MD, 2006/42/EC) (uma ehlonyiswe ngamafeni okupholisa). Izinqubo zokuqinisekisa zizoba nzima kakhulu ngo-2025, zidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-EMC yizinhlangano ezazisiwe ze-EU kanye nokuhlolwa kokuphepha komjikelezo wokuphila.

II. INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia: Ukukhula Kwesidingo Okungaqondile Okuqhutshwa Yizinqubomgomo Zamandla Elanga​
INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, isifunda esikhula kakhulu embonini ye-photovoltaic (PV) yomhlaba wonke, ikhulisa isidingo se-transformer enamandla aphezulu ngokusebenzisa Izibonelelo ze-PV kanye nezinguquko zegridi:

​1. I-Indonesia: Ihlela ukuqhubekisela phambili amaphrojekthi wamandla avuselelekayo angu-100 GW (kufaka phakathi i-75 GW ye-PV) eminyakeni eyi-15 ezayo. Ngo-2025, izogxila eziteshini ezinkulu zikagesi ze-PV, okuzoqhuba isidingo esikhulu sama-transformer ane-voltage ephezulu (isb., 220 kV nangaphezulu).
2. IThailand: Uhlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwamandla olubuyekeziwe luka-2024 luhlose ukwandisa amandla avuselelekayo abe ngu-51% wamandla aphelele ngo-2037. Azikho izintela ezikhokhwayo ekungenisweni kwezingxenye ze-PV kanye "nohlelo lokunciphisa intela ye-PV oluphezu kophahla" (oluhlanganisa imizi engu-90,000 ngo-2025) luzokhulisa isidingo se-transformer ehlobene ne-PV esatshalaliswayo.
3. IVietnam: Yalungisa inqubomgomo yayo ye-PV yophahla ngo-2024 ukuze isuse imikhawulo yamandla futhi ilula izinqubo zokufaka isicelo. Ngo-2025, umgomo uwukuba nemindeni namahhovisi angu-50% asebenzisa i-PV yophahla, okwandisa isidingo sama-transformer e-voltage aphansi kuya kwaphakathi (isb., isigaba se-10 kV).
4. IMalaysia: Yethula ithenda yayo yesihlanu ye-PV enkulu (2 GW) ngo-2024 futhi yakhulula imithetho yamaphrojekthi okuzisebenzisa. Ngo-2025, umthamo ofakiwe we-PV kulindeleke ukuthi uhlale uzinzile noma ukhule kancane, ulondoloze isidingo se-transformer.

III. I-India: Ukulebula Kokusebenza Kahle Kwamandla Okuqhubekayo Nokuqiniswa Kokugadwa Kwemakethe​
Umthethonqubo we-transformer we-high-voltage waseNdiya ugxile ku amazinga okusebenzisa kahle amandlakanye nemigomo yokuphepha, kanye nezinqubomgomo zika-2025 ezithuthukisa ukuphoqelelwa:

​1. Ukulebula Kokusebenzisa Amandla Ngendlela Efanele: Ngaphansi koMthetho Kagesi, imikhiqizo ye-transformer kumele ibonise amazinga okusebenzisa kahle amandla (ahambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke njenge-IEC 60076-1). Inkampani kagesi kahulumeni i-NPCIL ibeka phambili imikhiqizo esebenza kahle kakhulu ekuthengweni.
​2. Imikhawulo Yemvelo: Imithetho Yokuphathwa Kwe-E-Waste ka-2018 idinga abakhiqizi ukuthi banciphise okuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo (isb., i-lead, i-mercury) futhi bathuthukise ukuvuselelwa kwe-e-waste. Ukuqapha kuzoqina ngo-2025.
3. Ukuncintisana Kwemakethe: Amabhizinisi asekhaya (isib. i-BHEL, i-L&T) anciphisa igebe nezinkampani ezinkulu zomhlaba (isib. i-ABB, i-Siemens) ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha. Ukuhlushwa kwemakethe phakathi kwezinkampani ezinhlanu eziphezulu kwehla kancane (kusuka ku-70% kuya ku-65% ngo-2025), kuyilapho amabhizinisi asafufusa (agxile kuma-transformer okonga amandla) esheshisa ukungena emakethe.

IV. IShayina: Ukugxila Ekuhlanganisweni Kwamandla Avuselelekayo kanye namaGridi Ahlakaniphile ukuze kuqhutshwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni​
Njengomkhiqizi omkhulu we-transformer emhlabeni, izinqubomgomo zaseShayina zango-2025 zigxile kuukwesekwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukwakhiwa kwegridi ehlakaniphile, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle:

​1. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamandla Avuselelekayo: IKhomishini Yentuthuko Nokuguqulwa Kwesimo Sikazwelonke (NDRC) kanye ne-National Energy Administration (NEA) bethule izinqubomgomo zokusekela i-R&D yama-transformer omoya wasogwini kanye namaphrojekthi e-PV asatshalaliswayo. Ngo-2025, imakethe yama-transformer omoya wasogwini kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15, kanti isidingo sama-transformer ahlobene ne-PV asatshalaliswa sikhula ngo-35%.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa kweGridi ehlakaniphile: I-State Grid ihlela ukutshala ama-yuan ayizigidigidi ezingama-80 ngo-2025 ukuze kuthuthukiswe imishini yokudlulisa nokusabalalisa amandla, lapho ama-transformer enza okungaphezu kuka-40% kokuthengwa. Izindawo ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi i-voltage ephezulu kakhulu (±800 kV nangaphezulu) kanye nama-transformer ahlakaniphile (isabelo semakethe sikhuphuka sisuka ku-20% siye ku-25%).
3. Izindinganiso Ezithuthukisiwe Zokusebenzisa Amandla: Amanani Avunyelwe Obuncane Obubuyekeziwe Okusebenza Kahle Kwamandla kanye Namazinga Okusebenza Kahle Kwamandla Kwabaguquli Bamandla (GB 20052-2025) azoqeda imikhiqizo engasebenzi kahle ngaphansi kwesigaba se-S13. Abaguquli abasebenza kahle kakhulu (Ibanga 1) bazofanelekela isaphulelo sentela esingeziwe esingu-70%, okuzosheshisa ukuguqulwa kwemboni kube ngcono.

V. INyakatho Melika: Ama-Smart Transformers kanye Nokuxhumana Kwegridi Yesifunda​
INyakatho Melika (i-US, iCanada, neMexico) igxile kakhulu ama-transformer ahlakaniphile futhiukuhlanganiswa kwegridi yesifundango-2025:

​1. Ukukhuthazwa kwe-Smart Transformer: Izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni wase-US zamandla ahlanzekile zisekela i-R&D yama-smart transformer, kanti usayizi wemakethe kulindeleke ukuthi udlule ama-USD ayizigidigidi ezingama-20 ngo-2025 (izinga lokukhula lonyaka lidlula u-10%). Izicelo zifaka phakathi ama-smart grid kanye nezinhlelo zamandla ezisatshalaliswayo.
2. Ukuxhumana kweGridi Yesifunda: ICanada neMexico, besebenzisa iSivumelwano sase-US-Mexico-Canada (i-USMCA), baqinisa ukuxhumana kwegridi ne-US Ngo-2025, izimakethe ze-transformer zaseCanada naseMexico kulindeleke ukuthi zifinyelele ku-10 billion USD kanye no-5 billion USD, ngokulandelana, ikakhulukazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo se-transformer esiphezulu esivela e-US

Isifinyezo
Ngo-2025, izinqubomgomo zemboni ye-high-voltage transformer emhlabeni wonke ziqhutshwa yi-logic eyinhloko ye-"ukuguqulwa okuluhlaza + ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe"​:

I-EU ikhuthaza ukuguquka kwe-carbon ephansi ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza kahle okuqinile kanye nezidingo zemvelo;
INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ikhulisa ngokungaqondile isidingo se-transformer ngezinqubomgomo zamandla elanga;
I-India iqinisa ukubhekwa kwemakethe kanye nokufakwa kwamalebula ngendlela ephumelelayo;
IShayina igxile ekuhlanganisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye namagridi ahlakaniphile;
INyakatho Melika ithuthukisa ama-transformer ahlakaniphile kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesifunda.
Lezi zinqubomgomo zihlangene ziqhuba imboni yomhlaba wonke ye-high-voltage transformer ukuze ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ubuhlakani, kanye nokusimama.

(Qaphela: Ulwazi olungenhla lusekelwe kudatha yomphakathi kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJulayi 2025. Ukuze uthole izinqubomgomo ezithile, sicela ubheke izincwadi zikahulumeni ezisemthethweni.)