Ukuhlaziywa Kwephutha Lokuguqula kanye Nezindlela Zokuxazulula Izinkinga

 

Ama-Transformers, njengemishini eyinhloko ezinhlelweni zamandla, yenza imisebenzi ebalulekile ehlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi, ukulawulwa kwamanje, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kukagesi. Ukusebenza kwazo okuzinzile kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwamanethiwekhi kagesi. Izigaba ezilandelayo zinikeza ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kokuphathwa kokusebenza kwe-transformer, izindlela ezivamile zokuthola amaphutha, kanye nezinqubo zokuxazulula izinkinga.

 

 

Izinqubo Zokulungiselela Nokuhlola Ukugunyazwa Kwe-Transformer

 

Ngaphambi kokufaka i-transformer, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okuphelele ukuqinisekisa ukulungela kwayo ukusebenza kahle:

 

Ukuhlolwa Kwesiqiniseko Nokuxhumeka: Yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwazo zonke iziqiniseko ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-transformer, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokuxhuma ezibalulekile njengezindawo zokuxhuma izintambo kanye ne-busbars. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-torque isetshenziswa kahle ngesikhathi sokuqinisa ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwentambo, ngenkathi ugwema ukubamba okubangelwa ukungahambisani kwezinto phakathi kwamabholidi namantongomane.

 

Ukuqinisekiswa Kokufakwa Kwezingxenye: Qinisekisa ukufakwa kabusha okufanele kwazo zonke izingxenye ezihlakaziwe ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa noma ukufakwa, hlola imigudu yokupholisa yangaphakathi ukuze ubone izimo ezingenayo imfucuza, bese uqinisekisa ukungabikho kwamathuluzi asele ngaphakathi kwe-transformer evalekile.

 

Ukuhlolwa Kwedivayisi Yokulawula Izinga Lokushisa: Qinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zokulawula zabalawuli bezinga lokushisa kanye nezinkomba zihanjiswa kude nezindawo zekhoyili nezingxenye eziphilayo. Vikela kabusha njengoba kudingeka ukuze uvimbele ukuphazamiseka.

 

Uhlelo Lokupholisakanye nokuhlolwa kwemishini yokusiza: Qinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwamafeni okupholisa, amadivayisi okulawula izinga lokushisa, kanye nezinhlelo ezihambisanayo. Qinisekisa ngokuqondile isiqondiso sokujikeleziswa kwamafeni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhamba komoya kuqondiswa phezulu kusukela phansi kwama-windings e-transformer.

 

Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphambi Kokuqokwa Kwe-Transformer

 

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nezincazelo zomklamo, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo okuphoqelekile kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kwe-transformer:

 

Ukulinganisa Ukumelana ne-DC: Yenza izilinganiso zokumelana nokugoba kuzo zonke izikhundla zompompi ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemininingwane yomklamo.

 

Ukulinganiswa Kwesilinganiso Se-Voltage: Qinisekisa ukunemba kwe-ukuguqulwa kwamandla kagesiizilinganiso futhi iqinisekise ukunemba kokuqokwa kweqembu le-vector ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-polarity kanye nokulandelana kwesigaba.

 

Ukuhlolwa Kokumelana Nokushiswa: Yenza ukuhlolwa kwe-dielectric phakathi kwesakhiwo esiyinhloko kanye nesakhiwo sokubopha ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bokushiswa.

 

Ukuhlolwa Kokumelana Nokushiswa Okugoqekayo: Linganisa ukumelana kokushisa kwama-windings ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokuphepha kukagesi.

 

Ukuhlolwa Kokumelana Nemvamisa Yamandla: Kwabaguquli abalungisiwe ensimini ababuyela ekusebenzeni, ukuhlolwa kwe-dielectric stain voltage kufanele kwenziwe ku-80% wezinga le-voltage yokuqala yokuhlolwa kwemboni, ngokuhambisana nezidingo ze-IEC 60076-3 Isigaba 10.

 

Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokusebenza ngokuphephile kwama-transformer

 

Ukuhlolwa Kwesistimu Yokumisa Inhlabathi: Yenza ukuhlolwa okujulile kwesistimu yokumisa inhlabathi ngemva kokufakwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okuphephile nokuthembekile.

 

Izithiyo Zokuphepha: Ama-transformer angenazo izithiyo zokuvala kufanele afakwe izithiyo zokuhlukanisa ukuze avimbele ukuthintana ngqo nezingxenye eziphilayo futhi anciphise izingozi zokushayiswa ugesi.

 

Ukusebenza Kwabasebenzi Abafanelekayo: Ukufakwa, ukugunyazwa, kanye nokugcinwa kwama-transformer kuzokwenziwa kuphela ngochwepheshe abaqinisekisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokusebenza kanye nezinqubo zokuphepha.

 

Izinyathelo Zokuqapha Zokusebenzisa I-Transformer

 

Ukusebenza Kwesistimu Yokulawula Izinga Lokushisa: Ngaphambi kokufaka amandla, linganisa bese uhlola isilawuli sokushisa noma iyunithi yokubonisa izinga lokushisa ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle.

 

Inqubo Yokunika Amandla: Vala ama-circuit breaker nge-transformer esimweni sokungalayishi. Sebenzisa i-relay yokuvikela i-overcurrent esheshayo ngesikhathi sokunika amandla ukuze unciphise imiphumela yamanje engenayo.

 

Ukwanda kancane kancane komthwalo: Ngemva kokuqaliswa ukusebenza, umthwalo kufanele ukhuliswe kancane kancane futhi uqashwe ukuze kutholakale noma yimiphi imisindo noma ukudlidliza okungavamile ukuze kugwenywe ukwanda okungazelelwe komthwalo.

 

Iphrothokholi Yokunciphisa Umswakama: Kwabaguquli abangasebenzisi amandla abavezwe emswakama ongaphezulu kuka-80% RH.

 

Amaphutha Okuguqulwa Okuvamile Nezenzo Zokulungisa

 

Iphutha lokushisa ngokweqile: Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukushisa ngokweqile kwendawo kanye nokwenyuka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa. Hlola umthwalo, amandla kagesi, kanye nezimo zokushabalalisa ukushisa.

 

Amaphutha okukhipha: Kungabonakala njengokukhipha ingxenye, ukukhishwa kwe-arc, noma ukukhishwa kwenhlansi; ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga zokuvikela.

 

Iphutha lokufakwa kokushisa: Njengokuphuka kokufakwa kokushisa noma ukuwohloka kokusebenza kokufakwa kokushisa; izinto zokufakwa kokushisa ezonakele kumele zihlolwe ngokushesha futhi zishintshwe.

 

Amanye amaphutha: Kubandakanya umsindo ongajwayelekile, ukungasebenzi kahle kokuvikela, ukuvuza kukawoyela, njll.

 

Izindlela Zokuthola Amaphutha:

 

Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo: Hlola amandla omthwalo, izinguquko zombala kawoyela, kanye nokubukeka kwangaphandle ukuze kubhekwe ukuphazamiseka (isb., ukuvuza kawoyela, ukushintsha kombala).

 

Ukuqapha imisindo: Lalela imisindo engavamile ngesikhathi sokusebenza (isb., umsindo ongalingani wokubhonga, ukuklwebheka, noma ukuklwebha).

 

Ukulinganisa kukagesi: Kala ukumelana kwe-DC kwesigaba sesithathu kanye nokumelana nokushisa ukuze uhlole ukuthi amanani awela ngaphakathi kobubanzi obujwayelekile.

 

 

Ukulungiswa Kwephutha Lokusebenza Kokufakwa Kwe-Insulation

 

Ukwehla kokusebenza kokushisa kuyiphutha elivamile lama-transformer, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokushisa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ngamanani ajwayelekile alandelayo:

 

I-HV kuya ku-LV bese isetshenziswa: ≥ 300 M Ω (10kV), ≥ 1000 M Ω (35kV).

I-HV eya phansi: ≥100 MΩ.

Ukuze uthole izinto eziyisisekelo/izesekeli ezisetshenziswa phansi, bheka imibhalo yomkhiqizi.

 

Uma i-transformer ibonisa ukungena komswakama noma ukujiya (isb., amaconsi abonakalayo ezindaweni ze-epoxy resin noma izingxenye eziyinhloko), ukoma ngokushesha kuyadingeka ukuze kubuyiselwe ubuqotho bokujiya, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingakanani inani layo lamanje lokumelana nokujiya.

 

 

Iphrothokholi Yokunciphisa Umsindo Ongavamile Yesiguquli

 

Ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-transformer kuzokhiqiza umsindo ovunguzayo ohlukahluka ngomthwalo. Uma kunomsindo ongajwayelekile, kudingeka ukuhlaziywa okwengeziwe:

 

Ukukhululeka kwenhliziyo: Kukhiqiza imisindo ekhalayo noma evunguzayo ngenxa yama-lamination angavikelekile noma i-torque enganele ye-bolt.

 

Umongo ongaguquki: Ukhiqiza imisindo yokukhipha eqongelelanayo evela ekwakhekeni kwe-electrostatic phakathi komongo nethangi.

 

Izinkinga zokuthintana kwe-Switch: Kubangela ukuklewula noma ukuqhekeka ngenxa yokushintshana kwama-tap changer noma ama-busbar joints.

 

Ukukhishwa komthofu/kokugoqa: Kukhipha ama-arcs azwakalayo avela ekuqhekekeni kokufakwa kwe-insulation ezindaweni ezinama-voltage aphezulu.

 

Ama-bushing angcolile: Kubangela ukukhishwa kwe-corona okushisayo ngenxa yokuqongelela uwoyela/izinhlayiya ebusweni.

 

Ukuxazulula izinkinga zokungasebenzi kahle kokulawula izinga lokushisa

 

Ukwehluleka Ukuvula: Hlola ukunikezwa kwamandla, ama-fuse, ukuxhumana kwetheminali, kanye nesimo seswishi.

 

Akukho Ukubonisa Izinga Lokushisa: Hlola uxhumano lwenzwa kanye nokumelana kwayo.

 

Ukuphambuka Kwezinga Lokushisa: Hlola ukufakwa kwezinzwa kanye nemithombo yokuphazamiseka.

 

Ukwehluleka Kokuxhumana: Hlola umugqa wokuxhumana bese uxhumana nosekelo lobuchwepheshe lomhlinzeki.

 

Izixazululo Zokunciphisa Ukungalingani Kwamandla E-Voltage Ezinezigaba Ezintathu

 

Ukungalingani kwamandla kagesi ezigaba ezintathu kuvame ukubangelwa amaphutha okumisa noma ukungalingani komthwalo. Izixazululo zifaka:

 

Ukufakwa Kwesisekelo Samaphuzu Amaningi Kokunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa Yimigqa Engathathi hlangothi：Sebenzisa ukufakwa kwesisekelo samaphuzu amaningi kumanethiwekhi okusabalalisa ane-voltage ephansi ukuze unciphise ukulahlekelwa kwamandla emigqa engathathi hlangothi ngokwenza ngcono izindlela zokubuya zamanje nokunciphisa ukuvinjelwa.

 

Isiguquli Sesigaba Esisodwa Ukufakwa: Sebenzisa ama-transformer esigaba esisodwa ezindaweni ezinemithwalo yesigaba esisodwa evelele (isb., izindawo zokuhlala) ukuze uhlukanise imisinga engalingani futhi uvimbele ukuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic.

 

Ukuqapha Nokulinganisela Imithwalo: Yenza izilinganiso zomthwalo ngezikhathi ezithile usebenzisa amamitha okubamba ukuze ulinganise ukuphambuka kwamanje phakathi kwezigaba.

 

Ukwehluka Kombala Wamafutha Nokuphathwa Kokuvuza

 

Ukufiphala Kwamafutha: Ukufiphala kwamafutha (isb., i-amber iphenduka ibe nsundu/mnyama) kubonisa ukumuncwa komswakama kanye nokuwohloka kwe-oxidation, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla e-dielectric kanye nokwanda kwe-asidi. Shintsha uwoyela owonakele ngokushesha ukuze uvimbele ukuguga okusheshayo kokushisa kanye nokwehluleka kwemishini okungenzeka.

 

Ukuvuza Kwamafutha: Nquma ukuthi uzoqhubeka yini nokusebenza futhi uhlele ukulungiswa ngokusekelwe esimweni sokuvuza kwamafutha, noma uvale ngokushesha bese ugcwalisa uwoyela kabusha.

 

Ekuphetheni, ukusebenza okuzinzile kwama-transformer kuyitshe elibalulekile lokuthembeka kwesistimu yamandla. Ngokuhlolwa okucophelelayo, ukuxilongwa/ukulungiswa kwamaphutha ngokushesha, kanye nokugcinwa ngokushesha, impilo yesevisi yama-transformer ingandiswa ngempumelelo, amazinga okuhluleka ancishiswe, kanye nokuphepha/ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zamandla kuqinisekiswe.