Igebe Lokufaka Ukushisa Eliyinhloko Le-Transformer engu-220kV Inter-Coil: Ukuhlaziywa Kwensimu Kagesi Namasu Okuthuthukisa

Isingeniso

Emkhakheni wokudlulisa amandla ane-voltage ephezulu, ama-transformer angu-220kV adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okuphumelelayo. igebe eliyinhloko lokufaka umswakamaphakathi kwama-winding e-transformer kumelela enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuklama, ezithinta ngqo ukuthembeka kwe-transformer, isikhathi eside, kanye nokusebenza kwayo. Njengabaholi bemakethe kubuchwepheshe be-transformer, siyaqaphela ukuthi ukwakheka kokushisa okuhle kubaluleke kakhulu ekubhekaneni nokucindezeleka okukhulu kukagesi, okuhlanganisa ama-voltage asebenzayo aqhubekayo, imizwelo yombani, futhi ukushintshashintsha kwamandla.

Lesi sihloko sihlola izindlela zokuhlaziya insimu kagesi eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye namasu okuthuthukisa asebenzayo ezikhala zokufakelwa kwe-transformer ezingama-220kV phakathi kwama-coil. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokulingisa kanye nezimiso zokuklama ezintsha, singathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-transformer yokufakelwa kwe-transformer, siqinisekise ukusebenza kahle ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu.

Izisekelo Zokufakwa Okuyinhloko Kuma-Transformer angu-220kV

Igebe elikhulu lokufaka ugesi phakathi kwama-windings kuma-transformer angu-220kV lisebenza njengesithiyo esiyinhloko se-dielectric, esivimbela ukuwohloka kukagesi phakathi kwamakhoyili ane-voltage ephezulu kanye nane-voltage ephansi. Lolu hlelo lokufaka ugesi kumele lumelane hhayi nje nezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile kodwa futhi nezinhlobo ezahlukene izimo ze-overvoltageokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka kwegridi.

Ezisetshenzisweni ezingama-220kV, igebe lokufaka umswakama livame ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwezithiyo eziningiokuhlanganisa amasilinda noma ama-wraps ebhodi lokucindezela ahlukanisa igebe libe yimisele emincane embalwa kawoyela. Le ndlela ithuthukisa kakhulu i-voltage yokuqala yokukhipha ingxenye(PDIV) futhi ivimbela ukwakheka kwamabhuloho okungcola okuhambisa umoya phakathi kwama-windings. Umklamo oyisisekelo ulandela isimiso esithi "ithubhu lephepha elincane, igebe elincane lamafutha", lapho amabhodi okucindezela izithiyo ngokuvamile eba ubukhulu obungu-2mm, kanti igebe lamafutha phakathi kwezithiyo lisukela ku-6-10mm.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu kagesi ngaphakathi kwalezi zikhala akufani nhlobo, ukugxila kokucindezelekaokwenzeka emaphethelweni ajikelezayo, ekugobeni kwe-conductor, kanye nasezindaweni zokufaka izinto zokushisa. Ngaphandle kokulungiswa kahle komklamo, lezi zindawo ezicindezeleke kakhulu zingaqala imisebenzi yokukhipha ingxenye, okuholela ekuwohlokeni okuqhubekayo kokufaka izinto zokushisa kanye nokwehluleka okungenzeka.

Amasu Okuhlaziya Insimu Kagesi

Ukulingisa Indlela Ye-Finite Element (FEM)

Umklamo wesimanje wokushisa uncike kakhulu ku- ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi ezilinganiselwe(FEA) ukuze kuhlolwe kahle imephu yensimu kagesi. Ngokuhlukanisa i-geometry yokushisa ibe yizinkulungwane zezinto ezihlukene, i-FEM ingakwazi ukubala ukusatshalaliswa okungenzekafuthi amandla ensimungokunemba okumangalisayo. Kuma-transformer angu-220kV, lokhu kuhlaziya kuvame ukugxila ezifundeni ezintathu ezibalulekile: ukuvikela okuphezulu, ingxenye ephakathi phakathi kwama-windings, futhi ukuvikela okuphansi.

Ukulingisa kwethu kwembula ukuthi amandla aphezulu kakhulu ensimu kagesi kuma-transformer angu-220kV avame ukwenzeka lapho amakhona angaphakathiama-windings aphezulu, ikakhulukazi eduze kwezingxenye zokuphela komugqa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokukhanya kombani (1050kV kwezinhlelo ze-220kV), lezi zindawo zingaba namandla ensimu adlula u-8-9kV/mm, zisondela emikhawulweni yokuqhekeka kwezinto zokuvikela.

Ukuhlonza Izindawo Ezibucayi Zokucindezeleka

Ngokuhlaziywa kwensimu kagesi okuphelele, sithole izindawo eziningana zokucindezeleka ezibalulekile ezidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile kuma-transformer angu-220kV:

• Izindawo ezigobile: Amakhona abukhali emaphethelweni ajikelezayo adala ukugxila okukhulu kwensimu, okudinga amasu akhethekile okulinganisa.
• Ukuxhumana phakathi kokufakwa kwe-solid kanye ne-liquid insulation: Izakhiwo ze-dielectric ezingafani zebhodi lokucindezela kanye namafutha zidala ukuqina kwensimu ezindaweni zazo zokuhlangana.
• Izindawo zokuphuma eziholelayo: Amaphuzu okuguquka lapho ama-lead ane-voltage ephezulu ephuma khona ama-windings aveza ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu okuyinselele kakhulu okudinga ukuhlaziywa kwezinhlangothi ezintathu.

Kuma-transformer angu-220kV, amandla amakhulu ensimu kagesi ngokuvamile ayenzeka kuma-disc ambalwa okuqala eduze kokuphela komugqa kanye nasezindaweni zokuhlangana phakathi kwama-disc ahlanganisiwe navamile ngesikhathi sezimo zokucindezela. Lezi zindawo zidinga izinyathelo zokuvikela ezithuthukisiwe ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Amasu Okuthuthukisa Izikhala Eziyinhloko Zokufaka Ukushisa

Ukuthuthukisa iJomethri

Ukubumba i-electrodeimelela elinye lamasu aphumelela kakhulu okuthuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu. Ngokushintsha amakhona abukhali nge amaphrofayili agobilekanye nokusebenzisa ama-electrode e-toroidal, singanciphisa amandla amakhulu ensimu ngokufika ku-30-40%. Kuma-transformer angu-220kV, lokhu kuhlanganisa:

• Izindandatho zokugcina ezimile(SER) kuma-terminals ajikelezayo ukuze kudalwe ama-gradient angaba khona abushelelezi.
• Izindandatho ze-engelangamaphrofayili alinganisa imigqa ye-equipotential, okunciphisa kakhulu ukucindezeleka kwe-tangential ezindaweni ze-pressboard.
• Amakhoni okucindezelekaezindaweni ezibalulekile zokulawula ukwehlukana kwensimu nokunciphisa ukugxila.

Ukulungiswa kwerediyasi yokugoba kubaluleke kakhulu - ukwandisa irediyasi yekona yama-conductor kanye nama-static rings kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuqina kwensimu (amandla ensimu ∝ 1/irediyasi).

Izinto Zokuvikela Ezithuthukisiwe

Ukukhethwa kwezinto kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kokushisa. Ama-transformer ethu angu-220kV asebenzisa:

• Ibhodi lokunyathelisa elinobuningi obukhulungokuqina okuthuthukisiwe kobukhulu kanye namandla aphezulu e-dielectric.
• Amaphepha athuthukiswe ngokushisaezinikeza ukukhuthazela okuphezulu kokushisa, zigcina izakhiwo ze-dielectric emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
• Izinto ezithuthukisiwe nge-nanocompositelapho ama-nanoparticles (SiO₂, Al₂O₃) afakwe ku-epoxy noma uwoyela athuthukisa amandla e-dielectric ngo-20-30% ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukuhanjiswa kokushisa.

Lezi zinto ezithuthukisiwe zivumela imiklamo eminingi yokuvikela ehlanganisiwe ngenkathi kugcinwa noma kuthuthukiswa imingcele yokuthembeka. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuvikela ezihlanganisiwe kungandisa impilo yokuvikela ngo-20-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezivamile.

Ukucushwa Kwesistimu Yokufaka Ukushisa

Ukuthuthukisa ukuhlelwa okungokoqobo kwezingxenye zokufaka umswakama kuveza ukuthuthuka okukhulu:

• Izinhlelo zokuvikela ezilinganisiwelapho ubukhulu bokushintshwa kokushisa buhluka khona ngokuya ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-voltage eceleni kokujikeleza.
• Ukulungiswa kokubekwa kwezithiyokusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kwe-FEM ukuze kunqunywe izindawo ezifanele kakhulu zebhodi lokucindezela ezinciphisa ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwegebe likawoyela.
• Usayizi wepayipi kawoyelaokulinganisela izidingo zikagesi (izikhala ezincane ze-PDIV ephezulu) nezidingo zokupholisa (ukugeleza kukawoyela okwanele).

Kuma-transformer angu-220kV, sithole ukuthi amasu okugoqa ahlanganisiwengamaphesenti aphakathi angaphezu kuka-65-70% kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kagesi, kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kumadiski ambalwa okuqala ngo-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nemiklamo evamile.

Ucwaningo Lwesibonelo: Ukusetshenziswa Okuphumelelayo Ku-Transformer engu-220kV

Iphrojekthi yethu yakamuva ehilela i-transformer ye-high-impedance engu-220kV ikhombisa ukusebenza kahle kwalawa maqhinga okuthuthukisa. Umklamo wokuqala ubonise ukugcwala okukhulu kwensimu kagesi (kufika ku-9.5kV/mm) esikhaleni esikhulu sokufakelwa phakathi kwama-windings ane-voltage ephezulu kanye nama-voltage aphansi, ikakhulukazi eduze kwemikhawulo yokugoqa.

Ngokuhlaziywa kwe-FEM okuphindaphindiwe kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ekhethekile (i-HSSSM), siqalise iphakheji yokuthuthukisa ephelele:

1. Indandatho kagesi eklanywe kabushangokugoba okuhle kanye nokubekwa.
2. Izindandatho ezengeziwe ze-engeliemaphethelweni okugoqa ukuze kuhlukaniswe umthamo kawoyela futhi kuthuthukiswe amandla okuhamba.
3. Ukuhlelwa kwesithiyo esiguquliweukudala izikhala ezincane, ezifanayo kakhulu zamafutha (6-8mm) esikhundleni sezikhala ezinkulu zokuqala (12-15mm).

Imiphumela yayimangalisa: amandla amakhulu ensimu ancishisiwe abe ngu-6.2kV/mm (ukuthuthuka okungu-35%), kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwensimu okufanayo kulo lonke isakhiwo sokushisa. I-transformer eguquliwe iphumelele ngempumelelo kuzo zonke izivivinyo ezijwayelekile nezohlobo, kufaka phakathi imvamisa yamandla ukumelana ne-voltage (460kV umzuzu owodwa) kanye nezivivinyo ze-lightning impulse (1050kV), kanye namazinga okukhishwa kwengxenye angaphansi kwe-10pC njalo.

Izinto Okufanele Uzicabangele Zokukhiqiza Nekhwalithi

Ngisho nomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu awusebenzi ngaphandle kokulawulwa okufanele kokukhiqiza. Uhlelo lwethu lokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi lokufakwa kwe-transformer okungu-220kV luhlanganisa:

• Ukulawulwa kwenqubo yezibalongesikhathi sokwenziwa kwebhodi lokunyathelisa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye.
• Ukomisa nge-vacuum kanye nokufakwa kwamafuthaizinqubo eziqinisekisa ukususwa okuphelele komswakama namagesi angase aqalise ukukhishwa kwengxenye.
• Imephu yokukhishwa kwengxenyengesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokushukuma ukuze kutholakale futhi kulungiswe noma yikuphi ukungapheleli kokukhiqiza.

Kuma-transformer angu-220kV, sisebenzisa izinqubo zokuhlanzeka eziqinile ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kokugoqa kanye nokusebenza kokufaka ithangi, njengoba ngisho nezinto ezingcolisayo ezincane kakhulu zinganciphisa kakhulu amandla okuvikela ngaphansi kwezinkundla zikagesi eziphezulu.

Izitayela Zesikhathi Esizayo Kubuchwepheshe Bokufaka Izinto Zokushisa

Ukuvela kokufakwa kwe-transformer kuyaqhubeka nentuthuko eminingana ethembisayo:

• Ubuchwepheshe obuphindwe kabili bedijithaliukudala amakhophi abonakalayo ezinhlelo zokuvikela ukuze kuqashwe ukusebenza kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokugcinwa kokubikezela.
• Ukuqapha isimo okuthuthukisiwekusetshenziswa izinzwa ze-fiber optic ezifakiwe ukulandelela umsebenzi wokukhipha ingxenye kanye nezindawo ezishisayo kuyo yonke impilo yokusebenza kwe-transformer.
• Uketshezi lokuvikela olunobungani nemvelonjenge-esters yemvelo enikeza izindawo zomlilo eziphakeme kanye nokuhambisana okuthuthukisiwe kwemvelo ngenkathi igcina ukusebenza kwe-dielectric.

Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-220kV, sijabule kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda komshiniekwenzeni ngcono ukwakheka kokufakwa kokushisa, lapho ama-algorithms angahlola ngokushesha izinkulungwane zezinguquko zomklamo ukuze abone ukucushwa okuhle okulinganisela izinto zikagesi, ezishisayo, kanye nezomnotho.

Isiphetho

Ukwenziwa ngcono kwezikhala zokufakelwa kwe-transformer ezingama-220kV phakathi kwama-coil kumelela inselele yobunjiniyela eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ulwazi olujulile lwethiyori ye-dielectric, amakhono okulingisa athuthukile, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obusebenzayo. Ngokuhlaziywa okuphelele kwensimu kagesi kanye namasu okuthuthukisa aqondiwe, singathuthukisa kakhulu ukuthembeka kwe-transformer kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside.

Indlela yethu ikhombisa ukuthi ukwakheka kokufakwa kwe-insulation okunesu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-dielectric kodwa futhi kwenza kube lula ngama-transformer amancane futhi angabizi kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa lawa masu athuthukile, sinikeza ama-transformer adlula amazinga embonini ngenkathi sinikeza amakhasimende ethu ukuthembeka okuphezulu kokusebenza kanye nezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, sisazimisele ukuhlanganisa intuthuko yakamuva ekwakhiweni kokufakwa kokushisa, siqinisekise ukuthi amakhasimende ethu ayazuza ezixazululweni ze-transformer ezithembeke kakhulu nezisebenza kahle ezitholakala emakethe.

Xhumana nethimba lethu lobunjiniyela namuhlaukuxoxa ngendlela ubuchwepheshe bethu obukhethekile bokuklama ukuvikela ukushisa obungathuthukisa ngayo ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwamaphrojekthi akho e-transformer angu-220kV.